After years of uncertainty and a series of delays, the United Kingdom formally left the European Union on 31 January 2020. The citizens’ rights portion of the withdrawal agreement set out the framework for continued legal residence for EU nationals in the United Kingdom and UK citizens in the re-maining EU Member States, as well as their families.

Brexit was followed by the COVID-19 public health crisis. For mobile EU and UK citizens caught in the middle, the health and economic effects of the pandemic exacerbated existing vulnerabilities. This policy brief looks at the risk that vulnerable groups could fall through the cracks.

Published in September 2020 by the Migration Policy Institute.