This briefing looks at citizenship and naturalisation among migrants in the UK. It provides data on how many migrants become UK citizens and how this varies for different migrant groups, as well as the factors that affect naturalisation.

Key findings include:

• More than 60% of non-EU migrants who are still in the UK 10 years after getting their initial visa become British citizens.
• Migrants who come to the UK with a family entry visa become citizens faster than those entering with a work or a study visa.
• Evidence suggests that naturalisation can improve migrants’ economic and social integration, especially among those from disadvantaged groups.
• Non-EU citizens from high-income countries (e.g. US, Canada or Australia) are less likely to become UK citizens than those from lower-income countries.

Published in March 2020 by the Migration Observatory at the University of Oxford.