This paper takes stock of the English for Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) landscape during a period of potential changes in demand for ESOL. Two developments are of particular importance: they are the new UK Points-Based Immigration System and devolution of the Adult Education Budget (AEB). Like everything else in this new decade, the economic and learning impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is a further influence.

It is time to review the purpose of ESOL, the challenges it has faced in meeting needs and how these might be overcome. This should consider the diversity of need and to the role of ESOL in bringing about economic as well as social integration. ESOL can address underutilisation of skills, and enable people to reach their full potential. It should be part of debates on social mobility.

Published in June 2021 by the Learning & Work Institute.