Since 2016, the UK has suffered a series of economic shocks, which have had a detrimental impact on household incomes, particularly those at the bottom of the income scale. Events such as the vote to leave the EU, the Covid pandemic and subsequent lockdown, and the current cost of living crisis have left lower-income households with static or decreased incomes and far higher costs.

This study aims to build on and update a previous 2016 study, while drawing on a similar study in 2019. The findings are based on a representative survey conducted in 2022 of 741 respondents whose household income was below 70% median income equivalised for household size. These data were analysed to calculate the prevalence of each poverty premium, the costs that are therefore incurred, and to understand who is most at risk from which premiums.

Published in April 2023 by the University of Bristol.